What is an ovarian cyst?
A Women’s Body has two ovaries situated on either side of the uterus. The ovary is the female reproductive organ that produces and releases a single egg every month during ovulation. They are also responsible for releasing the hormones estrogen and progesterone. These female sex hormones play a vital role in maintaining female reproductive health and reproduction.
In some cases, a fluid filled sac known as a cyst may develop on the ovary. An ovarian cyst can develop on either one or both ovaries. Ovarian cysts are very common in women and generally are not cancerous. In a small proportion of women, these cysts can become cancerous (less common before menopause).
There are two main kinds of ovarian cysts:
- Functional ovarian cysts are the most common kind of cysts that develop as part of the menstrual cycle. They are harmless and disappear naturally.
- Pathological ovarian cyst are less common and develop because of abnormal cell growth.
In most cases, there are no symptoms and the cysts go away naturally. However, in some cases, an ovarian cyst may need medical treatment.
How are ovarian cysts diagnosed?
Ovarian cysts are confirmed through trans-vaginal ultrasound scans. A doctor inserts an ultrasound probe into your vagina to get a clear image of the ovary. If a cyst is observed, the location and the size of the cyst is noted. The cyst would then be monitored through repeated ultrasound scans to see if it has increased in size. Your doctor would also advise blood tests to check whether your cyst is cancerous or not.
What are the symptoms of an ovarian cyst?
- Irregular periods
- Bloated stomach
- Frequent urination
- Difficulty in passing stool
- Pain during intercourse
- Difficulty in pregnancy
- Severe pelvic pain (large ovarian cyst size, if it bursts, or if it twists)
How do ovarian cysts affect my fertility? When do I need treatment for my ovarian cyst?
Ovarian cysts can make it harder for couples to conceive naturally, however, pregnancy is still possible with an ovarian cyst. In most cases, ovarian cysts go away naturally and do not require any medical treatment. However, treatment for cysts depends on the cyst size, presence of symptoms, and if the cyst is cancerous. Treatment involves surgically removing the cyst. In severe cases, removal of one or both ovaries may be required.